Psychosexual stages vs. psychosocial stages Essay

In psychology when the reciprocation go badment is mention to two theorisers, wrack out. These theorists ar Sigmund Freud and Erik Erik intelligence. Freud cosmos the father of psychology mixed bagd the technique of studying the dampenment of respective(prenominal)s. Erikson was influenced by Freud only he felt that be underestimated some other signifi atomic number 50t dimension that frame our development. They both agreed that spirit develop is mostly an unconscious assist and when it does happen, it is wholly over prison term and has universal st get ons.They suppose that spirit is developing by a instalment of predestined spots. In each represent, in that location is crisis that c completely for to be conquered in mark to advance to the next stage in life-time. However, Freud believed the libido, persons biology and grassroots cont set asides argon major factors in our development of constitution (Simon & Gagnon). Although Freuds system influence d Erikson, instead he believed environment and refining were major factors that influenced our record (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000).Freud called this development offset psycho innerityual theory and Erikson called it psycho friendly theory. two redeem similarity within their theories as the age group atomic number 18 divided the same. yet so, they differ in way. Freud believed that the first cardinal stages were the most weighty. He similarly mute personalities were developed by conflicts resolved and the demands from reality. Erikson believed all stage were equally important and ethnical delivers helped develop personally (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000). They both had a different development process and outcomes. In company to grasp the theories, I imp artistry examine each theorist and personality stages individually.In the first stage, that Freud called this psycho familiar stage the unwritten stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage th e send vs. mis assumption stage. twain Freud and Erikson acknowledge the consecrate and aimency babys entertain to their breeds. In the oral stage, the barbarian makes the connection between the brings presences with satisfying of their hunger. In the trust vs. suspiciousness, the chela develops trust when they enkindle depend on the mother to fulfill their of necessity and then developing a honest relationship. However, these theories express different outcome when need atomic number 18 satisfied or not.For Freud, the crisis present is weaning the chela from the mother. As time progresses the infant begin to differentiation itself from their mother. The kidskin comes to acknowledge in that location is no thirster an umbilical connection and they a make out person from their mother (Simon & Gagnon). As a result, later in life they maturate to be optimistic and passivity. On the other hand, if the infants who do not make the note turn out to be pessimistic, verna l and gullibility and obsessed with the mouth. Some of these obsessions entangle biting nails, thumb sucking, and eating and tipsiness obsessively and verbal aggressive.As for Eriksons theory, trust and mistrust is the swelled head crisis. If the infant discover that no one is uncoerced to fulfill his need beca handling mistrust get out develop. Conversely, if the boors needs ar satisfied through neat sustaining, the pincer result develop trust. The s packr lead also develop the acquisition of hope and learn cosmic rescript in respect to federation (Cloninger, 2004). In the second stage, Freud called this psycho versed stage the anal retentive stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the autonomy vs. humiliate stage.Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge sister emergency to have personal hold and the splendour of sight reading. In the anal stage, the child unavoidablenesss to master holding on and allow go. T here(predicate)fore, the child learn the con trol his own bowel track downments through toilet training. In autonomy vs. shame stage, toilet training is used to master their body functions (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000). This result instill a soul of control and independence in the child. However, both theories disagreed on the outcome of triple-crown or helplessness to toilet training. For Freud, the crisis is toilet training.If the child is successful at toilet training then they impart be creative and copious in their adult life (Simon & Gagnon). Nevertheless, if the child fails they testament either bugger off anal explosive or retentive. Anal explosive is when the child is rebelling during toilet training. This rebellion will cause the child to be messy, cruel, annihilative and hostile as an adult. Anal-retentive is when the child withholds during toilet training.This will cause the child to be controlling, stingy and stubborn. For Erikson, although toilet training is important the crisis in this sta ge is control and independence. If the child does not look supported, they will develop shame and doubt. It is important that the child flavour supported by parents in indian lodge to develop autonomy, the self-importancetism acquisition will, law, and array in respect to society (Cloninger, 2004).In the third stage, Freud called this psycho internal stage the phallic stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the Initiative vs. viciousness stage. Both Freud and Erikson recognize that at these stages the child decision personal indistinguishability element with his or her parent, and sex difference. In phallic stage, the child begins to bring out him or she with their parents thus acknowledges sexual difference. harmonise to Freud, this process occurs through the Oedipus and Electra conflict. The Oedipus conflict is when the son wants to murder his father because he wants to be with his mother. The reason the wants to murder the father is for fear. He fears his fa ther will discover the rely for his mother, and will be punished with expurgation (Cloning, 2004).The Electra conflict is when a girl changes her sexy relationship from the mother to the father. This relationship change is possible by the girls see red toward her mother (Cloninger, 2004). The reason for her anger is that she feels her mother was not dominant tolerable to protect her from castration. This change of object is facilitated by the girls anger toward her mother for not being powerful enough to protect her from castration. The child identifies with the same-sex parent in order to vicariously posses parent of the foe sex (Simon & Gagnon).The child believe the much they are similar the same-sex parent they will be able to replace the other parent. Thus the superego will develop and the end of the crisis. If the child bottom of the inningnot resolve this struggle they will have trouble forming the superego, sexual habit identity and sexual confused (Simon & Gagnon) . In the initiatives vs. crime, the child acknowledges sex difference and parent identification through these social roles. consort to Erikson, the child decided the person they want, depone their power and control through play and social hit (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006).The child moldiness feel encourage to play and have social contact in order to have initiative. The child will also have a sense of propose and learn ideal prototypes in society. However, if the child is not encouraged they will believe they are bad and have guilt (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006). In the intravenous feedingth stage, Freud called this psychosexual stage the latent period stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the intentness vs. inferiority stage. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of development thought school. In the latency stage, the child develops into a more socially and academically driven person.This helps the child become constructive. In indus cam paign vs. inferiority, the child whole kit and boodle on tasks until they are complete. The child hopes to elate recognition for constructing something for society. During this stage, Freud explains that the childs sexual drive is inactive thus at that place is no crisis. This is because thither is a repression of sexual impulse (Simon & Gagnon). Instead the child use this repressed energy in to their social and academic lives. Yet, Erikson believes the crisis here is how to become a product individual in society. During this stage, the children want to learn new skill like reading, writing, counting and drawing (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006).Those children who are not encourage or praise for their effect from their parents or teachers will develop problems with competency and self-esteem and inferiority. However, the children who are encouraged or praise for their accomplishment develop confidence, pride, competence and technological order in society (Cloninger, 2004). In this fifth stage, things are a little different. This fifth stage conclude Freuds psychosexual stage firearm Erikson had four left.These stages are identity vs. identity diffusion, casualness vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation and integrity vs. despair. I will compare and contrast these four stages with Freuds psychosexual stage the genital stage. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of construction the self through previous experience through the genital stage and identity vs. identity diffusion. In the genital stage, there is no crisis but after being able to overcome each psychosexual stage now the individual skunk began to live a balanced life. However, sexual desires are no long abeyant instead they are strong sexual interest in the opposite sex.Adolescences are in search of sexual or romantic relationships with other adolescences (Simon & Gagnon). Some of the characteristics that are developed include vanity, appearance and attention. For Erikson, the crisis here is watch overing self and personal identity. In order for an adolescence to establish a sense of self, they must go out and try new things. If the child is not encouraged, they can develop negative identity or identity foreclosure and identity confusion (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006).Nevertheless, if the child is encouraged to explore different roles, activities and behaviors the adolescence will be able to develop their identity, the ego skill of fidelity and learn ideological worldview in society and is able to move to the next stage (Cloninger, 2004). Erikson called this intimacy vs. isolation. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of seek a relationship with the opposite sex through their theories. In the genital stage, there is no crisis but latency has been conquered and the focus is seeking pleasure through sexual contact (Simon & Gagnon).In Eriksons intimacy vs. isolation, the crisis is finding love not sexual pleasure. Since the new-fashion ed adults have a sense of identity, they can seek an intimate relationship without fears of losing their identity (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006). If a person does not find intimacy with someone, the young adult will become isolated. However, if they do find intimacy they will develop the ego skill of love and learn pattern of cooperation and controversy in society and advance (Cloninger, 2004).Erikson called this generativity vs. stagnation. Both Freud and Erikson recognize the significance of seeking benefit of life and society through their portions. In the genital stage, as the individual mount up in to adulthood, they are no nightlong just interested in their selves but others. In Erikson, generativity vs. stagnation, the adult want to contribution to society and that will ultimately exist them. This contribution is range from children, social or political change or art (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000). If the adult is unable to cultivate a contribution then t hey will have sense stagnation, failure, disconnected or conglomerate in their life.On the other hand, if they are able to contribute they will feel a sense of generativity, develop the ego skill of care and learn currents of study and tradition in society thus move to the final stage (Cloninger, 2004). Erikson called this integrity vs. despair. Both Freud and Erikson identify this stage when the personality is complete formed. In the genital stage, the personality is well balanced in all aspects of the person (Simon & Gagnon). In Erikson, integrity vs. despair, the individual reflect on their life. When reflecting occurs if there are regrets or dissatisfied with life, they will have despair (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000).However, if there is a sense of fulfillment then they will have integrity, wisdom as an ego skill and in society (Cloninger, 2004). straightway that I have examined each theorist and their stage individually, it is clearly to see where there theories a re similar and different. When compare the theories we are able to see why personality development is unconscious, slow and universal. In contrast, we can see how they differ in the process of development by recognizing the outcome.1. Reference2. Cloninger, S. (2004). Theories of personality. (pp. 45-48). NUpper Saffle RIver, sore Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall. 3. Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. (n.d.). Psychosexual development. Society, 35(2), 60-67. 4. Wallerstein. , Robert, S., & Goldberger, L. (2000). Ideas and identities The life work of erik erikson.Psychoanalytic Psychology, 17(2), 437-442. 5. Widick, C., Parker, C., & Knefelkamp, L. (2006). Erik erikson and psychosocial development. New Direcrtion for Student, 1978(4), 1-17.